Why this question matters
Salary questions are asked early to screen out misaligned candidates, to anchor the negotiation, and to understand how informed you are about your market value. Saying a number too low locks you in. Too high can remove you before the interview has started. The goal is to stay in play while gathering enough information to negotiate effectively later.
Many candidates try to avoid the number at all costs, but evasion has costs too. An experienced recruiter who asks three times and cannot get a range from you is not impressed by your negotiation savvy. Give a range with a clear rationale.
How to research your market rate
Check Glassdoor, Levels.fyi (for technology roles), LinkedIn Salary, and Payscale for benchmarks. Talk to people in similar roles at similar companies. Salary transparency laws in US states (Colorado, California, New York) and increasingly across the UK and EU mean many job postings now include the band, which removes much of the guesswork.
Total compensation matters as much as base salary for most roles above entry level. Equity, annual bonus target, pension contributions, and benefits can add 20 to 50 percent to the base figure. Research all components.
How to phrase your answer
If you have done your research, give a specific range anchored at the high end of what you would accept. "Based on my research on roles at this level in this market and my experience, I am targeting the range of X to Y. I am open to discussing the full package." This is honest, prepared, and leaves room for negotiation.
If you are early in the process and genuinely cannot give a confident number yet, it is reasonable to ask: "I would find it helpful to understand the full scope of the role before giving a specific number. Could you share the band for this position?" This works better in a second conversation than a first-round recruiter screen.
Negotiation tactics
The single most effective tactic is having a competing offer. If you have another offer, reference it without necessarily disclosing the exact figure. When a company comes back with an offer, always ask for time to consider it, even if you plan to accept. A 24 to 48 hour window is standard and expected.
If you counter, do it once with a specific number and a reason, not just "I would like more." Counter-offering multiple times on base salary without new information is rarely effective and can create a poor relationship start.
Common mistakes
Accepting the first offer immediately. Most initial offers have room. Recruiters expect candidates to negotiate. The worst that can happen is they say no, which leaves you exactly where you were. Anchoring too low from fear. Candidates who undervalue themselves affect not only their starting salary but future raises, since companies typically give percentage increases from the base. Get your research right and anchor confidently.