Why this negotiation is different
Startup equity is genuinely hard to value, unlike a base salary number, it depends on the company's current valuation, how many shares are outstanding, your strike price, and an outcome (acquisition, IPO, or nothing) that's uncertain by definition. Startups often use lower base salary paired with equity as a real trade-off, which means you need to negotiate both pieces together rather than treating equity as a bonus on top of a fully competitive base. The specific questions you ask (percentage ownership, vesting schedule, exercise window after leaving) matter more than the raw number of shares or options, which means little without that context.
A specific script and approach
Ask directly, even though it can feel uncomfortable: "Can you tell me what percentage of the fully diluted company this option grant represents, and what the strike price is?" Then on the trade-off: "I understand the base is below what I'd get at a larger company, given that, I'd like to understand if there's room to increase either the base or the equity grant." If the base is meaningfully below market and you're taking on real risk, it's fair to ask for both a modest base increase and a larger equity grant, not just one or the other.
Common mistakes
Don't accept a raw number of options or shares without asking what percentage of the company that represents, the number alone is meaningless without total shares outstanding. Don't ignore the post-termination exercise window (how long you have to buy your vested options after leaving), some companies give only 90 days, which can force a costly decision if you ever leave. And don't treat equity as guaranteed value equivalent to cash, most startup equity is worth nothing if the company doesn't have a successful exit, factor that risk into how hard you push on base salary.
Frequently asked questions
Before your next interview, it helps to have the fundamentals down. Our complete guide to preparing for a job interview covers the basics, and the STAR method is a reliable way to structure almost any answer under pressure.